PCIe SWITCH WITH DATA AND CONTROL PATH SYTOLIC ARRAY

ABSTRACT

The present subject disclosure provides a PCIe switch architecture with data and control path systolic array that can be used for real time data analysis or Artificial Intelligence (AI) learning. A systolic array is described which analyzes the TLPs received by an uplink port and processes the TLPs according to pre-programmed rules. Then the TLP is forwarded to a destination port. The reverse operation is described as well.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The subject disclosure relates generally to computer software andhardware design and architecture. In particular, the subject disclosurerelates to PCIe switch with data and control path systolic array.

BACKGROUND

Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) is a modern, high speedstandard for a serial computer expansion bus. It operates moreeffectively and efficiently than other older, conventional buses in partbecause of its bus topology. While standard buses (such as PCI) use ashared parallel bus architecture, in which the PCI host and all devicesshare a common set of address, data and control lines, PCIe is based onpoint-to-point topology, with separate serial links connecting everydevice to the root complex (host). The conventional PCI clocking schemelimits the bus clock to the slowest peripheral on the bus (regardless ofthe devices involved in the bus transaction). In contrast, a PCIe buslink supports full-duplex communication between any two endpoints, withno inherent limitation on concurrent access across multiple endpoints.

Typically, a PCIe bus allows one device each on each endpoint of eachconnection. PCIe switches can create multiple endpoints out of oneendpoint to allow sharing one endpoint with multiple devices.

A traditional PCIe switch can switch transaction layer packets (TLPs)from an uplink port to a downlink port based on address or requirementidentifier (Req ID) only. However, as fields advance and require morerobust communication, the conventional techniques for relayinginformation become increasingly inefficient and require improvement.

SUMMARY OF THE SUBJECT DISCLOSURE

Today's Artificial Intelligence (AI) learning and data analytics needmore than just switching the PCIe TLPs to improve their performance.

The present subject disclosure provides a PCIe switch architecture withdata and control path systolic array that can be used for real time dataanalysis or Artificial Intelligence (AI) learning.

In one exemplary embodiment, the present subject matter is a method forPeripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) switching. The methodincludes receiving a transaction layer packet (TLP) at an uplink port;determining the nature of the TLP; routing the TLP to a systolic array;analyzing the TLP in the systolic array; and forwarding the TLP to adestination port.

In another exemplary embodiment, the present subject matter is aPeripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) switch. The switchincludes an uplink port for receiving a transaction layer packet (TLP);a programmable filter for determining the nature of the TLP; a systolicarray for analyzing the TLP; and a destination port for receiving theTLP.

In yet another exemplary embodiment, the present subject matter is aPeripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) switch. The switchincludes an uplink port for receiving a transaction layer packet (TLP);a first programmable filter for determining the nature of the TLP; asystolic array for analyzing the TLP; a plurality of destination portsfor receiving the TLP; and a plurality of second programmable filtersassociated with each of destination ports.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure will be described indetail, wherein like reference numerals refer to identical or similarcomponents or steps, with reference to the following figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of PCIe switch with control and datapath systolic array, according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentsubject disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an application of a PCIe switch with systolic array(PSSA) used to control redundant array of independent disks (RAID) onconnected downstream non-volatile memory express (NVME) devices,according to an exemplary embodiment of the present subject disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an application of a PCIe switch with systolic array(PSSA) used to realize a non-volatile memory express (NVME) over Fabric,according to an exemplary embodiment of the present subject disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an application of a PCIe switch with systolic array(PSSA) used as artificial intelligence (AI) graphics processing unit(GPU) control, according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentsubject disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Particular embodiments of the present subject disclosure will now bedescribed in greater detail with reference to the figure.

Having a systolic array in both data and control paths and ability touse the array in a programmable fashion opens up a variety of optionsfor real time data analysis and learning.

By describing a particular exemplary embodiment, the present subjectmatter describes a PCIe switch with data path and control path systolicarray.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary diagram of a PCIe switch 100 inaccordance with the present subject disclosure. The PCIe switch 100 hasa PCIe lane 101 which connects to the Uplink Port 110. There are alsolanes 171, 172, 173, and 174 connecting downlink port 161, 162, 163, and164 to the outside of the PCIe switch 100. The uplink port 110 will haveprogrammable filter 120. Also, the downlink ports 161, 162, 163, 164will have programmable filters 151, 152, 153, and 154, respectively. Theprogrammable filters 120, 161, 162, 163, and 164 can be programmed tohave the same or different programs.

The programmable filter 120 can guide the routing of received TLPs froman uplink port 110 to the systolic array 130 through path 121.Alternatively, programmable filter 120 can guide the routing of receivedTLPs from an uplink port 110 through path 122 which can lead to variouspath options 140. Path 141 leads to destination port 161. Path 142 leadsto destination port 162. Path 143 leads to destination port 163. Path144 leads to destination port 164.

The filter 120 can provide a wide range of options for the routing ofthe TLPs. It can provide address based filter or Requester ID (Req ID)based filter for various type of PCIe TLPs. These include, but are notlimited to, Memory Reads, Memory Writes, Completions, ConfigurationReads, Configuration Writes, IO Writes, IO reads, Messages, etc. Otheroptions are also possible and within the scope of the presentdisclosure.

The output of the filter 120 will also specify if just the TLP headerhas to be sent to the systolic array 130, or if the complete TLP has tobe sent to the systolic array 130. Programmable filter 120 can also beprogrammed to make systolic array 130 just a snooper, in which case TLPswill be replicated to both systolic array 130 and also to thedestination ports 161, 162, 163, 164. Filter 120 can be programmed totarget a particular Data Processing Unit 131 in the systolic array 130.Further, there can be an array of systolic arrays 130.

The systolic array 130 includes a homogeneous array of Data ProcessingUnits (DPUs) 131. Systolic array 130 can be programmed to analyze justTLP headers, or both TLP headers and TLP Data. After analysis, thesystolic array 130 can choose to forward the TLP to any destination port161, 162, 163, 164. For example, path 131 leads from the systolic array130 to downlink port 161. Path 132 leads from the systolic array 130 todownlink port 162. Path 133 leads from the systolic array 130 todownlink port 163. Path 134 leads from the systolic array 130 todownlink port 164.

Programmable filters 151, 152, 153, and 154 function similarly toprogrammable filter 120 but are positioned adjacent to downlink ports161, 162, 163, and 164, respectively. These ports 151, 152, 153, 154 maybe programmed to review TLPs and supply back information to the systolicarray 130 and/or uplink port 110. Thus, the system described can workequally effectively providing data and information from uplink port 110to downlink ports 161, 162, 163, and 164, as well as from downlink ports161, 162, 163, 164 back up to uplink port 110.

There are numerous applications of the present subject disclosure, aswould be appreciated by one having ordinary skill in the art. Examplesinclude, but are not limited to, real time data analysis of the PCIetraffic, and use in Artificial Intelligence to learning algorithmshelping the Graphical processing Units (GPUs). Other examples are alsopossible, and are within the scope of the present subject disclosure.

In the example of GPUs, the present system and method may be used toallow GPUs to communicate directly with each other. This may beaccomplished by direct provisioning of GPUs, or acting as a switchbetween GPUs. Control processing may also be possible. Many possibleapplications and uses of the present subject disclosure are evident. Afew such non-limiting examples will be presented herein.

FIG. 2 illustrates the use of a PCIe switch with systolic array (PSSA)200 to control a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) onconnected downstream non-volatile memory express (NVME) devices 205. Inthis example, a PCIe host 201 is connected to an uplink of PSSA 200.Further, various RAM memory paths 202 and memory storage components 203also interact with PSSA 200. Downlink ports 204 connect with a pluralityof NVME devices 205. In this example, the PSSA 200 can be used toperform RAID on the downstream NVME devices connected, without CPUintervention. Further, PSSA 200 may add NVME features implemented insoftware, such as encryption, non-volatile read/write cache, andcontroller memory buffer. As a general application, the PSSA 200 cancreate an emulated device by adding features to existing devices. RAIDvolumes extend and add features to NVME drives.

In a typical NVME RAID controller, data will be moved from host to NVMEdevices and vice-versa, with host posting the address for moving data,xoring/duplicating of data and reconstruction of lost data. In thepresent example, control software running in PSSA 200 can be used toperform both regular RAID or in a mode for moving data,xoring/duplicating of data and reconstruction of lost data. PSSA 200 canalso support a hybrid mode where host 201 can directly transfer data toNVME devices 205 or can use control software for managing data transfer.

FIG. 3 illustrates the use of a PCIe switch with systolic array (PSSA)300 to control a non-volatile memory express (NVME) over Fabric Bridge(NVMEoF) controller. In this example, a PCIe host 301 is connected to anuplink of PSSA 300. Further, various RAM memory paths 302 and memorystorage components 303 also interact with PSSA 300. Downlink ports 304connect with a plurality of NVME devices 305. In this example, PSSA 300can be used to realize a NVME over Fabric initiator or target. PSSA 300can control both NIC 306 and also NVME devices 305 and implement NVMEover Fabric. As a general application, PSSA 300 can bridge any PCIEdevice over a network to make the remote PCIE device appear as a localdevice. NVME over fabrics is one example of that.

In a typical NVMEoF device, data will be transferred from NIC 306 tohost 301 and then to NVME devices 305, or from NVME devices 305 to host301 and then to NIC 306. Control software running in PSSA 300 can movedata directly from NIC 306 to NVME devices 305 or vice-versa if neededthus eradicating unnecessary trips of data to host 301. For sake ofcompleteness, as show in the figure, RoCE stands for Remote DirectMemory Access over Converged Ethernet, and iWARP stands for internetWide Area RDMA Protocol. Both are computer networking protocols thatimplement RDMA for efficient data transfer.

FIG. 4 illustrates the use of a PCIe switch with systolic array (PSSA)400 used as artificial intelligence (AI) graphics processing unit (GPU)control. In this example, a PCIe host 401 is connected to an uplink ofPSSA 400. Further, various RAM memory paths 402 and memory storagecomponents 403 also interact with PSSA 400. Downlink ports 404 connectwith a plurality of NVME devices 405. In this example, PSSA 400 canprovide various services when controlling GPUs performing AI deeplearning. These include, but are not limited to, dynamic provisioning ofGPUs, GPUs need data from storage device, systolic array can providedata without having an intervening CPU; GPU control processing can alsobe transferred to systolic array from CPU. PSSA 400 can route storagetraffic from GPU 406 to NVME device 405 without transferring data to thehost 401. As a general application, any two PCIE devices can exchangeinformation intelligently using PSSA 400 to offload that work from ahost processor 401.

In Artificial Intelligence applications, data will be moved from NVMEdevice 405 to host 401 and then from host 401 to GPUs 406/407 or datawill be moved from GPU 406/to host 401 and then to another GPU 407 orNVME device 405. Control software running in PSSA 400 can allow theregular mode of operation and also allow for data to be transferreddirectly from GPU 406 to GPU 407 or from NVME device 405 to GPU 406/407or from GPU 406/407 to NVME device 405. This is a simplified example andmany other possibilities and configurations are possible and within thescope of the present subject disclosure, as appreciated by one havingordinary skill in the art after considering the present disclosure.

The illustrations and examples provided herein are for explanatorypurposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims.It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that changes ormodifications may be made to the above described embodiment withoutdeparting from the broad inventive concepts of the subject disclosure.It is understood therefore that the subject disclosure is not limited tothe particular embodiment which is described, but is intended to coverall modifications and changes within the scope and spirit of the subjectdisclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for Peripheral Component InterconnectExpress (PCIe) switching, comprising: receiving a transaction layerpacket (TLP) at an uplink port; determining the nature of the TLP;routing the TLP to a systolic array; analyzing the TLP in the systolicarray; and forwarding the TLP to a destination port.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein only a header portion of the TLP is routed to thesystolic array.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the TLP routed to thesystolic array is the TLP received at the uplink port.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the TLP routed to the systolic array is a replica ofthe TLP directly forwarded to the destination port.
 5. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the systolic array has an interface to communicate witha plurality of destination ports.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein eachof the destination ports has an associated filter.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the steps may initiate with the destination port andproceed back up to the uplink port.
 8. A Peripheral ComponentInterconnect Express (PCIe) switch, comprising: an uplink port forreceiving a transaction layer packet (TLP); a programmable filter fordetermining the nature of the TLP; a systolic array for analyzing theTLP; and a destination port for receiving the TLP.
 9. The switch ofclaim 8, wherein the systolic array is adapted to only receive a headerportion of the TLP.
 10. The switch of claim 8, wherein the systolicarray is adapted to receive the TLP as it was received by the uplinkport.
 11. The switch of claim 8, wherein the programmable filter createsa replica of the TLP that it forwards to the destination port, andforwards the replica to the systolic array.
 12. The switch of claim 8,wherein the destination port comprises a plurality of downlink ports.13. The switch of claim 8, wherein the systolic array comprises aninterface to communicate with a plurality of downlink ports.
 14. Theswitch of claim 13, wherein each of the downlink ports has an associatedfilter.
 15. The switch of claim 8, wherein the systolic array comprisesa plurality of data processing units (DPUs).
 16. A Peripheral ComponentInterconnect Express (PCIe) switch, comprising: an uplink port forreceiving a transaction layer packet (TLP); a first programmable filterfor determining the nature of the TLP; a systolic array for analyzingthe TLP; a plurality of destination ports for receiving the TLP; and aplurality of second programmable filters associated with each ofdestination ports.
 17. The switch of claim 16, wherein the systolicarray is adapted to only receive a header portion of the TLP.
 18. Theswitch of claim 16, wherein the systolic array is adapted to receive theTLP as it was received by the uplink port.
 19. The switch of claim 16,wherein the first programmable filter creates a replica of the TLP thatit forwards to any of the destination ports, and forwards the replica tothe systolic array.
 20. The switch of claim 16, wherein the systolicarray comprises a plurality of data processing units (DPUs).